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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00436_Field_436.txt
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1996-12-31
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74 lines
Consider, for example, the
Poggendorff illusion. According
to one theory, it is based on a
contrast effect in which the
acute angle between each
vertical line and the oblique
line is overestimated. That
occurs because the orientation
detector tuned to the
orientation of the oblique line
is no longer the cell with the
strongest activity. Lateral
inhibition enters in (see
Chapter 6). This is an example
of a mechanistic theory of a
perceptual phenomenon. Note
that it is a thoroughgoing
bottom-up theory, and, despite
the fact that neural events deep
in the brain are posited as
explanatory, these events are
simply those triggered by the
state of affairs on the retina.
According to a different
theory, as we have seen, the
Poggendorff illusion is caused
by depth processing that occurs
because oblique lines are cues
of horizontal contours receding
into the third dimension. Here
we obviously have a central
theory, because it entails depth
processing from pictorial
information as well as past
experience with certain kinds
of objects in the world. In any
event, something stored in
memory is added into the
process that leads to the
percept.
Another example that
illustrates the two approaches
is the illusory-contour effect,
discussed briefly in Chapter 5.
According to one theory, the
root cause of this effect is
lightness contrast. The dark
colored fragments lighten the
regions around them, in this
case making them whiter than
the rest of the screen.
Lightness contrast is thought to
be governed by lateral
inhibition. Obviously, the
theory as stated is inadequate
because only some regions
adjacent to the colored ones
appear very white. Special
explanations must be invoked
to explain such selective
contrast. At any rate, if a
contrast theory could explain
why the inner rectangular
region appears whiter than the
surrounding white screen, it
can account for the illusory
contour. It is simply the
contour of this very white
region. Following my suggested
classification, this is a
mechanistic theory.